Python Operators

Python Operators

Operators are used to perform operations on variables and values.

Python divides the operators in the following groups:

• Arithmetic operators
• Assignment operators
• Comparison operators
• Logical operators
• Identity operators
• Membership operators
• Bitwise operators

1) Arithmetic Operators

Python programming language supports different kinds of arithmetic operators for both integer and floating point like addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and so on.

Operator Type	Definition
Addition (+)	Addition operator
Subtraction (-)	Subtraction operator
Multiplication (*)	Multiplication operator
Division (/)	Division operator
Modulus (%)	Reminder operator
Floor division (//)	Divides and returns the value of the remainder.
Exponentiation (**)	Raises the left operand to the power of right.

Example:

Output: x + y = 25

Output: x – y = 5

Output: x * y = 150

Output: x / y = 1.5

Output: x % y = 5

Output: x // y = 1

Output: x ** y = 576650390625

2) Comparison Operators

Comparison operators are used for comparing values. It either returns True or False according to the condition.

Operators	Definition
Greater than (>)	True if left operand is greater than the right
Less than (<)	True if left operand is less than the right
Equal to (==)	True if both operands are equal
Not equal to (!=)	True if operands are not equal
Greater than or equal to (>=)	True if left operand is greater than or equal to the right
Less than or equal to (<=)	True if left operand is less than or equal to the right

Example:

Output: x > y is False

Output: x < y is True

Output: x == y is False

Output: x != y is True

Output: x >= y is False

Output: x <= y is True

3) Logical Operators

Logical operators are used for performing AND, OR and NOT operations. It either returns True or False according to the condition.

Operators	Definitions
and	True if both the operands are true
or	True if either of the operands is true
not	True if operand is false

Example:

Output: a and b is False

Output: a or b is True

Output: not a is False

4) Bitwise Operators

Bitwise operators operate on bits and perform bit by bit operation.

Operators	Definitions
&	Bitwise AND
|	Bitwise OR
~	Bitwise NOT
^	Bitwise XOR
>>	Bitwise right shift
<<	Bitwise left shift

5) Assignment Operator

An assignment operator is used to assign a value to a variable.

Operators	Definitions	Output
=	x = 15	x = 15
+=	x += 15	x = x + 15
-=	x -= 15	x = x – 15
*=	x *= 15	x = x * 15
/=	x /= 15	x = x / 15
%=	x %= 15	x = x % 15
//=	x //= 15	x = x // 15
**=	x **= 15	x = x ** 15
&=	x &= 15	x = x & 15
|=	x |= 15	x = x | 15
^=	x ^= 15	x = x ^ 15
>>=	x >>= 15	x = x >> 15
<<=	x <<= 15	x = x << 15

6) Identity Operators

Python offers 2 types of identity operators i.e is and is not.

Both are used to compare if two values are located on the same part of the memory. Two variables that are equal does not imply that they are identical.

Operators	Definitions
is	True if the operands are identical
is not	True if the operands are not identical

Example:

Output: False

Output: True

Output: False

Here a3 and b3 are listed, interpreter allocates memory separately and even though they are equal, it returns False.

7) Membership Operators

Python offers 2 types of membership operators i.e in and not in.

Both are used to test whether a value or variable is in a sequence.

Operators	Definitions
in	True if value is found in the sequence
not in	True if value is not found in the sequence

Example:

Output: True

Output: False

Output: True

Output: False

1 is key and ‘x’ is the value in dictionary b. Hence, ‘y’ in b returns False.

Hope you are clear about Python operators and their various types.