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SAP FICO ( Financial Accounting and Controlling ) Tutorial | Complete Guide

Last updated on 10th Aug 2022, Blog, Tutorials

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Tarun Kumar (FSS Transition Manager )

Tarun Kumar is the FSS Transition Manager with 5+ years of expertise in the areas of transition and project management, stakeholder management, and cost management. He is also a specialist in RACI-VS, RACI, RACIO, and RASCI.

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What Is Trigger In Salesforce?

A SAP FICO is an Apex script that executes before or after specific data manipulation language (DML) events occur, such as before object records are inserted into the database, or after records have been deleted. SAP FICO s enable you to perform custom actions before or after changes to Salesforce records. A SAP FICO is Apex code that executes before or after the following types of operations like insert, update, and delete.

There Are Two Types Of SAP FICO s:

  • Before SAP FICO s: It is used to update or validate record values before saved to the database.
  • After SAP FICO s: It is used to access values of the record that are stored in the database and use this value to make changes with other records.After SAP FICO records are read-only.
  • Trigger trigger Name on sObject(Trigger event)
  • {
  • //logic
  • }
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Bulky Trigger

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All SAP FICO s are bulk SAP FICO s by default and can process multiple records at a time. You should always plan on processing more than one record at a time. Bulk SAP FICO s can handle both single record updates and bulk operations like:

  • Data import
  • com Bulk API calls
  • Mass actions, such as record owner changes and deletes
  • Recursive Apex methods and SAP FICO s that invoke bulk DML statements

A SAP FICO is Apex code that executes before or after the following types of operations:

  • insert
  • update
  • delete
  • merge
  • upsert
  • undelete

When to use salesforce SAP FICO s

We should use SAP FICO s to perform tasks that can’t be done by using the point-and-click tools in the Salesforce user interface. For example, if validating a field value or updating a field on a record, use validation rules and workflow rules instead.

What is SAP FICO Syntax?

  • trigger TriggerName on ObjectName (trigger_events) { 
  • code_block
  • }

SAP FICO events in salesforce?

A SAP FICO is a set of statement which can be executed on the following events. In above SAP FICO events one or more of below events can be used with comma-separated.

Here is a list of SAP FICO events in salesforce

  • before insert
  • before update
  • before delete
  • after insert
  • after update
  • after delete
  • after undelete

SAP FICO Context Variables

VariableUsage
isExecutingReturns true if the current context for the Apex code is a trigger, not a Visualforce page, a Web service, or an executeanonymous() API call.
isInsertReturns true if this trigger was fired due to an insert operation
isUpdateReturns true if this trigger was fired due to an update operation
isDeleteReturns true if this trigger was fired due to a delete operation.
isBeforeReturns true if this trigger was fired before any record was saved.
isAfterReturns true if this trigger was fired after all records were saved.
isUndeleteIf a record is recovered from the recycle bin it returns trigger true.
newReturns a list of the new versions of the sObject records. This sObject list is only available in insert, update, and undelete triggers, and the records can only be modified before triggers.
newMapA map of IDs to the new versions of the sObject records.This map is only available in before update, after insert, after update, and after undelete triggers.
oldReturns a list of the old versions of the sObject records.This sObject list is only available in update and delete triggers.
oldMapA map of IDs to the old versions of the sObject records.This map is only available in update and delete triggers.
sizeThe total number of records in a trigger invocation, both old and new.

Actions of Different Trigger Events

The following are lists of considerations about actions of different SAP FICO events:

Trigger EventCan change fields using trigger.newCan update original object using an update DML operationCan delete original object using a delete DML operation
beforeinsertAllowed.Not applicable.Not applicable.
afterinsertNot allowed. A runtime error is thrown, as trigger.new is already saved.Allowed.Allowed, but unnecessary. The object is deleted immediately after being inserted.
beforeupdateAllowed.Not allowed. A runtime error is thrown.Not allowed. A runtime error is thrown.
afterupdateNot allowed. A runtime error is thrown, as trigger.new is already saved.Allowed.Allowed.
beforedeleteNot allowed. A runtime error is thrown. trigger.new is not available before delete triggers.Allowed.Not allowed.
afterdeleteNot allowed. A runtime error is thrown. trigger.new is not available after delete triggers.Not applicable. The object has already been deleted.Not applicable. The object has already been deleted.
afterundeleteNot allowed. A runtime error is thrown. trigger.old is not available after undelete triggers.Allowed.Allowed, but unnecessary. The object is deleted immediately after being inserted.

Insert Operation Before Insert:

  • This SAP FICO will be fried when a new record is going to be saved in the database.
  • In before insert, SAP FICO . New stores a new list of records which is going to be inserted.
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Example

  • Trigger Duplicate Name on Contact (before insert, before update)
  • {
  •    set<String> lastName = new set<String>();
  •    set<String> setname = new set<String>();
  •    for(Contact con : Trigger.new)
  •    {
  •           lastName.add(con.email);
  •     }
  •     for(Contact con : [select lastName from contact where email in : lastName])
  •    {
  •           setname.add(con.lastName);
  •     }
  •    if(Trigger.isInsert||Trigger.isUpdate)
  •      for(contact a:trigger.new)
  •      {
  •          if(setname.contains(a.lastName))
  •         {
  •                  a.lastName.adderror(‘This email already exists’);
  •           }
  •      }
  • }

After Insert

  • After insert SAP FICO will be fired after new record inserted successfully in database.
  • New is going to hold a new record which is inserted into the database.
  • After insert SAP FICO is read only operation. We can do DML operations on new records which are inserted into the database.
  • Trigger After Insert Example on Account (after insert)
  • {
  • for(Account acc: Trigger.new)
  • {
  • Account oldAcc = Trigger.oldMap.get(acc.Id);
  • if(oldAcc.phone != acc.phone)
  • {
  • List<Contact> conList = [ SELECT Id, AccountId, phone from  Contact where AccountId = :acc.Id];
  • List<Contact> newids = new List<Contact>();
  • for(Contact con: conList)
  • {
  • if(con.phone != acc.phone)
  • {
  • con.phone = acc.phone;
  • newids.add(con);
  • }
  • }
  • if (!newids.isEmpty())
  • {
  • update newids;
  • }
  • }
  • }
  • }

Update Event There are two types of events

  • Before update
  • After Update

SAP FICO . Old and SAP FICO . New are update events in salesforce.

Read: What Apex Email in Salesforce?

  • New: SAP FICO . New is going to hold the list of records which going to be updated.
  • Old: SAP FICO . Old is going to hold the set of old values which are going to be updated.

Before Update

It’s going to store the set record before updating to the database.

  • Trigger update before Example on Contact (before update)
  • {
  • list<account> acclist = new list<account>();
  • for(contact acc:trigger.old){
  • account c = new account();
  • c.Name=acc.lastname;
  • c.Phone=acc.phone;
  • acclist.add(c);
  • }
  • insert acclist;
  • }

After update

  • After the update SAP FICO will be fired when the changes that we have made are saved to the database.
  • In the after update SAP FICO operation we can only read the data from SAP FICO .
  • If we want to make any changes we need to perform DML operation.

Example

  • Trigger update Contact  on Account (after update)
  • {
  • if(trigger.IsAfter && trigger.IsUpdate){
  • set<id>ids = new set<id>();
  • list<contact>conlist = new list<contact>();
  • for(account a:trigger.new){
  • ids.add(a.id);
  • list<contact>con =[select id,phone,lastName,account.phone from contact where accountid in:ids];
  • for(contact c:con){
  • c.Phone=c.account.phone;
  • conlist.add(c);
  • }
  • update conlist;
  • }
  • }
  • }

Delete Event There are two events in delete

  • Before Delete
  • After Delete

SAP FICO . Old

This is going to hold the records which are going to be deleted. These records are read only by operation.

Before Delete example

  • Trigger Account Delete on Account (before delete)
  • {
  • for(Account Acc:trigger.old)
  • {
  • acc.Name.addError(‘Account cannot be deleted’);
  • }
  • }

After Undelete

  • When we are undeleting records from the recycle bin after undeleting operation required.
  • New is going to store the record which is undeleting from the recycle bin.

SAP FICO .newMap and SAP FICO .oldMap

SAP FICO .oldMap

A map of IDs to the old version of the sObject records. Note that this map is only available in update and delete SAP FICO s.

  • Trigger Map Demo on Account (before update)
  • {
  • Map<Id,account> accMap = new Map<Id,account>();
  • accMap = trigger.oldMap;
  • for(account acc : trigger.new)
  • {
  • account oldvalue = new account();
  • oldvalue = accMap.get(acc.Id);
  • if(acc.phone != oldvalue.phone)
  • {
  • acc.phone.addError(‘Phone cannot be changed’);
  • }
  • }
  • }

SAP FICO .newMap:

A map of IDs to the new version of the sObject records. Note that this map is only available in before update, after insert and after update SAP FICO s.

  • Trigger update contact Phone on Account (before update)
  • {
  • if(trigger.isbefore && trigger.isupdate){
  • map<id,account> mapcon = trigger.newmap;
  • list<contact> cont = new list<contact>();
  • list<contact> con = [select id,phone,accountid from contact where accountid in : mapcon.keyset()];
  • for(contact c : con){
  • c.phone = mapcon.get(c.accountid).phone;
  • cont.add(c);
  • }
  • update cont;
  • }}

Types of Salesforce Triggers

Actually, there are no different types of SAP FICO s – but as the SAP FICO s are used before or after certain operations, they are considered to be of two types.

  • Before SAP FICO s
  • After SAP FICO s

Before SAP FICO s – These SAP FICO s run before the activity like updating or inserting a record into a database.

After SAP FICO s – These SAP FICO s are run for accessing the field values set by the system. They are also used to affect the changes in the records. For instance, after SAP FICO s are often used when dealing with audit tables and also when you handle asynchronous events with a queue. These after-SAP FICO s are considered read-only.

Syntax of a Trigger

The definition of a SAP FICO starts with the SAP FICO catchphrase and then followed by the SAP FICO name.

  • trigger < TriggerName> on ObjectName (< Trigger_Events>)
  • {
  • Any required code is written here.
  • }

The SAP FICO _Events can be a comma-separated list of any events like – before insert, before update, before delete, after insert, after delete, after update, or after undelete.

Considerations for implementation of Triggers in Salesforce

Certain considerations are to be kept in mind when implementing Salesforce SAP FICO s. Here are some of them.

  • Before and after insert are fired by upsert SAP FICO s. Also, they fire the before and after update SAP FICO s whenever applicable.
  • For the losing records, before and after delete are fired by the merge SAP FICO s and for the winning records before and after update SAP FICO s are considered.
  • If the record has been undeleted and the SAP FICO is performed after it, then it works only with certain specific objects.
  • Till the end of the SAP FICO , no records of field history are made. So, you cannot notice the history of current transactions when you ask for the field history in a SAP FICO .
  • The permissions of the current user are required to know the field history tracking. For instance, if a user doesn’t have a right to edit an object, but a SAP FICO is activated still by the user to change an object with enabling the history tracking, then there will be no records of the history of the change.
  • Asynchronous calls are to be made to avoid the blocking of the SAP FICO process when waiting for the response of external service.
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Trigger Context Variables

There are certain context variables which implicit the SAP FICO s – they help developers to access the run-time context.

  • SAP FICO .isBefore – It gives true if this SAP FICO ends before any record was spared.
  • SOAPUI .isAfter – It mentions true value if this SOAPUI ends after all records were spared.
  • SOAPUI .isInsert – It avails true if it was fired for some insert operation, from the Apex, API, or the Salesforce User Interface.
  • Trigger.isUpdate – It gives a true value when an update operation is done upon using this trigger.
  • Trigger.isDelete – It gives genuine answer when one uses this trigger during any delete operations through Apex, API, or Salesforce user interface.
  • Trigger.isUndelete – It gives a genuine things when one fires this trigger after recovering a record from the Recycle Bin.
  • Trigger.new – new versions of the sObject records are showed with the help of it.
  • Trigger.old – It provides a list of sObject records’ old versions. However, the list is only available in update and delete SAP FICO .
  • Trigger.newMap – It gives a map of IDs for the sObject records’ new versions. However, it is only found in before update, after update, after insert, and after undelete SAP FICO .
  • Trigger.oldMap – It gives a map of IDs to the sObject records’ old versions and is there in update and delete SAP FICO .
  • Trigger.oldMap – It gives a map of IDs to the sObject records’ old versions and is there in update and delete SAP FICO .
  • Trigger.size – It gives the total number of records (both old and new records) upon calling.

Having an idea on these SAP FICO s is very much important for developers and other Salesforce users to manage the appropriate functions accurately.

Summary

Apex SAP FICO s can help you to perform customized operations on a database. With this blog, we have learned a few facts about SAP FICO in Salesforce. 

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